Map Work

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Effects of seasons on plants and animals

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 Describe the effects of seasons on plants  Plants can respond to the change of seasons by losing their leaves, flowering or breaking dormancy. Plants go through seasonal changes after detecting differences in day length.  Some plants are sensitive to different lengths of the day or night, a response known as photoperiodism. Plants use this ability to help them adapt to seasonal changes in their environment and ensure key points in their life cycle, such as flowering and leaf fall take place at the right time. •Plants are green in summer. •Plants loose leaves in winter. •Plants have flowers in spring. •Plants  flowers wilt when it is cold. Describe the effects of seasons on animals Animals follow the seasons very closely. Changes in the  length of the day or temperatures affect the animal's hormone production and cause them to behave according to the season. For that reason animals instinctively know when it's time for them to mate, build a nest, fly south ...
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Weather elements

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Air pressure  How to measure air pressure  Air pressure is the force with which the atmosphere (air) is pressing down on us. It is measured in units called millibars (mb) or hectopascals (hPa) by means of a barometer or a barograph. Figure 1.1 Aneroid Barometer The aneriod barometer in Figure 1.1 I a commonly used barometer. On the faceplate of the instrument the units are calibrated (indicated) in millibars. Words like 'RAIN' (low pressure side of scale), 'CHANGE' and 'FAIR' (high pressure side of scale) appear on the faceplate. Inside the instrument you will find a metal container from which the air has been removed (forming a vacuum) and a set of levers. These levers are connected to a pointer on the faceplate. When air pressure rises, the container contracts and the levers force the pointer to move towards the 'FAIR' side. If the pressure becomes lower the container expands and the pointer moves towards the 'RAIN' side. The arrow indicates ai...
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Weather elements

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 Rainfall  How to measure rainfall (precipitation) Rainfall is a form of  precipitation and is measured in millimeters (mm) using a rain gauge. Rain gauges are made out of copper or plastic because these materials do not rust or corroded. Rain gauges can be set up in two different ways: they can either be mounted on or against a pole or they can be planted in the soil.         Figure 1.1 shows a rain gauge mounted on a  pole  All rain gauges must be set up away from buildings or trees, because these can either prevent rain from falling into the rain gauge or add extra water into the gauge. Both situations will cause an inaccurate reading. How to measure the amount of water in the rain gauge Water from the rain gauge is poured into a measuring cylinder. The measuring cylinder should be placed on a flat surface, take the reading while keeping the cylinder horizontal and leveled with your eyes. Remember to take the reading at the bottom of the m...
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